Understanding Ovarian Cysts: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs or pockets that develop inside or on the surface of the ovaries. These cysts are common in women, especially during their childbearing years. While most ovarian cysts are harmless, some can cause serious symptoms and complications.

What are Ovarian Cysts?

Ovarian cysts occur when the ovaries produce a sac or pocket that fills with fluid. There are three main types of ovarian cysts:

1. Follicle cysts: These cysts form when the follicle that contains the egg doesn’t break open to release the egg.
2. Corpus luteum cysts: These cysts form when the follicle that releases the egg collects fluid and becomes a cyst.
3. Nonfunctional cysts: These cysts occur when the ovaries produce multiple cysts, leading to a condition called polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts

Most ovarian cysts don’t cause symptoms, but some can cause:

– Pelvic pain: A sharp ache in the lower abdomen on the side of the cyst
– Bloating: A feeling of heaviness or swelling in the abdomen
– Fever: A high temperature, often accompanied by vomiting
– Shock: Symptoms such as cold, clammy skin, rapid breathing, dizziness, or weakness

Diagnosis of Ovarian Cysts

Ovarian cysts are often diagnosed during routine check-ups or when an ultrasound is performed for another reason. To determine if the cyst is cancerous or benign, a blood test called CA125 may be performed. In some cases, a surgical biopsy may be necessary.

Treatment of Ovarian Cysts

Treatment for ovarian cysts depends on the size and type of cyst, as well as the woman’s age and overall health. Treatment options may include:

– Pain management: Medications such as acetaminophen, NSAIDs, or opioids to manage pain
– Hormonal birth control: To prevent the development of new cysts
– Surgery: To remove the cyst, which may be performed laparoscopically or through open surgery

Preventing Ovarian Cysts

While ovarian cysts can’t always be prevented, regular check-ups and monitoring of the menstrual cycle can help identify cysts early on. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, can also help reduce the risk of developing ovarian cysts.