The Six Basic Eye Tests: A Comprehensive Guide

When you visit an eye specialist for a routine examination, you can expect to undergo a series of tests to assess your vision and detect any potential problems. While reading the eye chart is a familiar part of the process, there are five other essential tests that provide a comprehensive understanding of your eye health.

1. Visual Acuity Test

This test measures your ability to read letters, numbers, or shapes from a distance of 20 feet. Each eye is tested separately, and then both eyes are tested together. The results are compared to the standard 20/20 vision.

2. Retinoscopy

Using an instrument called a phoropter, the optometrist shines a light into your eyes and observes the reflection. This test helps determine the correct lens prescription for your eyes.

3. Refraction Examination

This test is performed in conjunction with retinoscopy and helps identify any refractive errors, such as farsightedness, nearsightedness, or astigmatism. You’ll be asked to compare the clarity of different lens pairs to determine the best prescription for your eyes.

4. Keratometry Test

This test measures the shape of your cornea using a computerized machine. The results help determine how your eye perceives and reflects light. This test can detect conditions like astigmatism and help determine if a corneal transplant or contact lenses are necessary.

5. Peripheral Visual Field Test

This test assesses your peripheral vision, which is the ability to see objects outside of your direct line of sight. There are several types of peripheral visual field tests, including:

– Automated perimetry: You’ll focus on a central spot and press a button when you see a light flash on the side.
– Tangent screen exam: You’ll focus on a central spot while the doctor moves objects in and out of your peripheral visual field.
– Confrontation visual field exam: The optometrist will move an object like a pen in and out of your peripheral vision.

6. Intraocular Pressure Measurement

This test measures the pressure inside your eyes, which can help detect conditions like glaucoma. A quick puff of air is blown into your open eye, and the machine measures the eye’s reaction and resistance to the pressure.

Additional Information

Some of these tests may require your pupils to be dilated using special eye drops. This can cause slightly blurred vision for 3-4 hours after the test. It’s recommended that you arrange for transportation after the test, as driving with dilated pupils is not safe.